FOCUS Enhancements FS453 User Manual download pdf (Page 7)

FS453/4 AND FS455/6 DATA SHEET: HARDWARE REFERENCE

FOCUS Enhancements Semiconductor

2.4 Patented 2D Flicker Filter

The Patented 2D Flicker Filter receives video lines from the 2D Scaler and performs vertical filtering to

reduce or eliminate perceived flicker that is an artifact of the interlaced television format.

The FS453's flicker filter is significantly more effective than a typical three-line-average flicker filter. The

FS453’s flicker filter consists of joint horizontal (Sharpness) and vertical (Flicker) controls. Three-line-

average flicker filters do reduce the visual effect of interlaced image flicker, but they also introduce

blurring. The flicker dimension of the FS453's filter reduces image flicker, while the sharpness dimension

of the FS453's filter reduces image blurring. Both the sharpness and flicker registers can be programmed

over a wide range of values to allow the user to customer tailor the filter settings to different display

devices.

2.5 FIFO

The Flicker Filter stores video data in a FIFO memory. This memory allows the video data to be

transferred from the graphics clock domain to the TV clock domain.

2.6 Post (Horizontal Up) Scaler

The Post Scaler draws information from the FIFO as necessary and scales it horizontally based on the

up-scale value programmed in the Horizontal Scaling Coefficient (HSC) register. The scaled data is

provided at the television clock rate to the SDTV video encoder and the Inverse Color Space.

2.7 Encoder and Inverse Color Space

The FS453 contains a broadcast quality, 2X oversampled video encoder with an Inverse Color Space

matrix. The encoder combines the chrominance, luminance, and timing information into broadcast quality

NTSC or PAL composite and YC (S-Video) signals and sends them to the DACs.

The Inverse Color Space transforms YCrCb video data to the RGB color space required for SCART

output. If the Inverse Color Space is not used, then the Encoder converts YCrCb to YPrPb as required

for SDTV YPrPb output. The RGB or YPrPb signals are sent to the DACs synchronized with the

Encoder's composite signal.

The FS454 and FS456, which are otherwise identical to the FS453 and FS455, respectively, incorporate

Macrovision 7 anti-copy protection in the encoder. The FS454 and FS456 also include 480p protection.

2.8 Bi and Tri-Level Sync Insertion (HDTV)

The FS453 also offers HDTV Syncs output modes. The color matrix, output level, and sync type are fully

programmable allowing for compatibility with the multiple HDTV standards. The FS453 inserts bi-level or

tri-level sync signals as defined by the standards.

2.9 Configurable 10 bit DACs

The four output DACs (Digital/Analog Converters) can be configured for several output formats: RGB

component output (VGA); RGB with CVBS (SCART); CVBS (2 optional) and Y/C (S-Video); and YPrPb

component output (HDTV or SDTV). To conserve power the DACs can be run in low power mode or can

be completely powered down when not in use.

2.10 Clock Management

The FS453 synthesizes a 0.78125-150 MHz clock from the 27 MHz XTAL_IN and supplies this clock

(CLKOUT) to the GCC. The clock is buffered and returned to the FS453 (CLKIN_P) synchronous to the

pixel data and sync information. This clock has a 1.5 Hz resolution and can be adjusted so that the GCC

scaled input data rate exactly matches the ITU-R BT.656 output data rate.

2.11 Oscillators and PLL

The FS453 clock generation circuit operates in one of two modes, NCO (Numerically Controlled

Oscillator) mode or PLL (Phase Locked Loop) mode. In NCO mode, the numerically controlled oscillator

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FOCUS Enhancements FS453 User Manual Page 7

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